Chronic neuropathic pain is long-term nerve pain in the shoulders, trunk, arms, or legs. It is a major contributor to disability. It affects people’s physical and mental well-being, and their quality of life. Treatment options for chronic neuropathic pain range from nonopioid medications to surgery.

One treatment option for chronic neuropathic pain is called percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation, or PNS. Modern PNS involves implanting a small electrical device (a wire-like lead or electrode) under the skin near the affected nerves. The device then delivers electric signals, stimulating the nerves and blocking pain signals from going to the brain. There are 2 types of percutaneous PNS: permanent and temporary (up to 60 days). PNS may be helpful for people with chronic neuropathic pain when pain medications or other noninvasive treatments do not provide enough pain relief. People who use PNS may be able to reduce or discontinue their use of opioid medications.

This health technology assessment looked at how safe, effective, and cost-effective PNS is for adults with chronic neuropathic pain. It also looked at the budget impact of publicly funding PNS and at the experiences, preferences, and values of adults with chronic neuropathic pain.